Renal effect of gentamicin in diabetic rats

To evaluate the protective effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on renal function of rats treated with gentamicin (GM), male Wistar-EPM rats (250-350 g) were treated with streptozotocin (SZ; 45 mg/kg) and starting 10 days after induction of diabetes, GM was given for ten consecutive days at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg. In the GM-treated group (G), a significant fall in inulin and sodium-p-aminohippurate clearance was obtained (3.57 + or - 0.16 and 12.59 + or - 0.61 ml min-1kg-1 vs 6.43 + or - 0.21 and 17.98 + or - 0.47 ml min-1 kg-1 in control rats (C), respectively) while in the animals previously injected with SZ (diabetic + gentamicin, DG group) these changes injected with SZ (diabetic + gentamicin, DG group) these changes were not observed. The diabetic (D), g and DG group showed a significant rise in urinary flow compared to C (0.165 + or - 0.009, 0.145 + or - 0.007 and 0.173 + or - 0.009 ml min-1kg-1 vs 0.109 + or - 0.003 ml min-1kg-1, respectively); however, only in G was the U/P inulin ration significantly decreased when compared to C. The fractional excretion (FE) of sodium and postassium was significantly augmented in G when compared to C, D and DG. Thus, diabetes protected against gentamicin nephrotoxicity at both the glomerular and tubular level, although it did not promote a reduction in urinary flow

Function and morphometric evaluation of intrauterine undernutrition on kidney development of the progeny

Renal function and renal morphometry of the progeny of rats submitted to 50% dietary restriction (pairfed with control group) throughout pregnancy (Rtgroup), during the first half of pregnancy (R1 group) or during the second half of pregnancy (R2 group) were studied 3 months after birth. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) decrease significantly in all groups when compared to control (C) (GFR, 4.44 ñ 0.12, 4.04 ñ 0.18, and 4.00 ñ 0.16 vs 6.87 ñ 0.17, and RPF, 19.06 ñ0.57, 17.00 ñ 1.14, and 13.31 ñ0.50 vs 22.57 ñ 0.67, respectively). Urinary osmolality tended to be lower in the R2 and Rt groups (887.1 ñ 42.36 and 868.0 ñ 42.36 vs 975.1 ñ 38.31 in C), and the net acid excretion calculated per ml of GFR was either maintained or stimulated (R1 group). A significant decline in the number of glomeruli occurred in R1, R2 and Rt rats (79.84 ñ 2.08, 62.30 ñ 2.07, and 58.16 ñ 2.32 vs 99.77 ñ 2.28 in C repectively). The results show that intrauterine undernutrition actually caused a deleterious effect on the number of functional nephrons

The renal effects of kainic acid

the respone of juvenile cultivated Piaractus mesopotamicus to handling stress, whthout anesthesia, was determined over 3-5 min (T1), 1 h (T2) and 6 h (T3) afeter capture. Plasma cortisol, glucose and total cholesterol were measured. Hyperglycemia present at T2 continued to rise until T3 while plasma cortisol levels increased but were similar at T2 and T3. Total plasma cholesterol was altered only at T3. Hyperglycemic changes were greater in fish without than stomach contents during the T2-T3 period. These differences in hyperglycemic changes may reflect the role of hormones other than cortisol in the regulation of glucose release in these fish

Effects of intrauterine undernutrition on the renal function of the progeny

The progency of rats submitted to 50% food restriction during a) the first 11 days of pregnancy (R1 group) and b) the entire period of pregnancy (RT group) was studied for renal function. After birth, the litter was left with the mother for 28 days and allowed free access to food and water until the experimental time, which occurred 3 months after birth. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and urinary flow (V) decreased significantly in both the Rl and RT groups when compared to control rats (C) (GFR = 4.44 + or 0 0.12 and 4.26 + or - 0.17 vs 6.95 + or - 0.25, and RPF = 19.06 + or - 0.57 and 12.59 + or - 0.60 vs 24.64 + or - 1.18). However, net acid excretion calculated per ml GFR was maintained or even stimulated (AB = 12.63 + or - 0.44 and 8.31 + or - 0.29 vs 7.97 + or - 0.85). The results show that a definite impairment of glomerular hemodynamics is demonstrable 3 months after birth in the progeny of mothers submitted to severe food restriction during pregnancy, even when the progeny have been on a normal diet for 2 months after suckling

Evaluation of distal tubular function in aminoglycoside induced nephropathy

Acute metabolic acidosis potentiates the nephrotixicity of aminoglycosides by impairing the adequate excretion of ammonium and titratable acidity. The present study assesses distal tubular function after aminoglycoside administration in the rat. Two aminoglycosides, gentamicin and netilmicin were given to rats either in low doses equivalent to those used clinically (BG4 and BN5 groups) or in doses ten times higher (BG40 and BN50). The rats were subjected to acute metabolic alkalosis and the pCO2 of urine was continuously evaluated. the regression lines obtained by plotting the differences between urine and blood pCO2 as a function of urinary HCO3 in low dose models were simsilar to those obtained for the control group. However, the slopes obtained for BG40 and BN50 were significantly different from the control, suggesting an impairment of H+ secretion